Different Types of Data in Criminal Justice Assignment

Different Types of Data in Criminal Justice - Assignment Example 2. The age issue could lead to confusing findings in substance abuse research. This is because most countries have laws that prescribe the legal drinking age. For instance the legal drinking age in United States is 21 while in United Kingdom it is 18 (Bamforth, 2009). As a result, youths who are below the drinking age may give wrong age for fear that legal action may be taken against them. Therefore, giving such information may be difficult to the respondents. This is a powerful graph used to show the proportion or relative sizes of data. For this survey the percentage of males and females involved in substance abuse could be better presented using pie chart. Each gender would be represented by each segment of the pie chart. A bar graph consists of vertical and horizontal bars whose lengths indicate the magnitude of the data. In this research, the bar graph would be appropriate in representing the amount of substance abused or the popularity of the substance. The frequency or the amount of substance would be placed on the vertical axis while the type of substance would be on the horizontal axis. The trend of change between the drinking age and the years could be well captured in by line graph. This would be done by plotting the average age against the year. By doing so, the relationship between age the year would be

One Hundred Years of Solitude Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

One Hundred Years of Solitude - Research Paper Example eceived its inspiration from European and North American Modernism and on the other hand it also drew influence from the Cuban Vanguardia or more popularly known as Vanguard Literary Movement. The novel founded its plot on the story from the historical context or this can be also taken as a sort of chronicle turned into drama. The novel is based on the life of the multi-generational Buendia Family. The patriarch of the family, Jose Arcadio Buendia was the founder of the town named Macondo. This town is actually metaphoric of the township on which the plot of the novel throbs, the metaphorical Columbia. The story is basically non-linear in pattern and the narrative structure of the novel is unique as it is narrated through different time periods. This technique was adapted by Garcia from the Argentine author named Jorge Luis Borges. He used this technique in his creations like ‘The Garden of Forking Paths’ of 1941. It is important to note that in style and theme, the novel ‘One Hundred Years of Solitude’ is representative of the literary creation of the Latin American Boom period of 1960s and 1970s (Wood, â€Å"Garcia Marquez 100 Years of Solitud e†). The novel ‘One Hundred Years of Solitude’ written in the year of 1967, presents the story of seven generations of Buendia Family and their lives at the town founded by them called Macondo. The founding member of Macondo, Jose Arcadio Buendia and his wife Ursula who was also his first cousin, are shown leaving Riohacha at Colombia and headed towards a new destination in search of a better life. The search for a better life and a new home launches them to build a city of utopia and hence they find themselves on a riverbank from where their dream for a world is decked up with visionary mission starts. While camping on the riverbank itself, Jose dreams of a city of mirrors that shall bear the reflection of the world in and about it. After awakening form that dream, Jose decided to shape his dreams and starts

Living Together Before Marriage. A Good Idea Research Paper

Living Together Before Marriage. A Good Idea - Research Paper Example The paper explains why staying together before marriage is a good compatibility test. It   goes a bit further to explain it’s importance of testing the commitment level of couples before marriage. Short explanations are also stated in regards clarify beliefs of couples who during ttheir younger years their parents went through horrific divorce and left a negative dent pertaining to marriage. the paper will also explain the importance of staying together before marriage as a means of helping couples whose former relationships have been horrible and try and baby step them to overcome this past experience by staying together first. As the discussion highlights staying together before marriage is beneficial to love birds because it will help them   know if they are compatible. Compatibility saves couples from messy and brutal divorce that they have to go through if their marriage is not working. Staying together acts as a litmus test to deduce if the two lovers can stay together. Their commitment will be evident if they manage to solve   problems within a period of time, if not then its best for them to call it quits since this will save them litigation money, embarrassment and despair   that divorcing couples usually go through. Bill Maier, PH.D states â€Å" Living together is a good way to find out if couples are compatible-a sort of test drive that will determine your chances of marital success.†

Marketing Challenges: Woolworths

Marketing Challenges: Woolworths Woolworth is one of the successful U.S companies, the history of the Woolworth Retail Company is more than one century. According to the Telegraph.co.uk (2009) the history of the organization can be traced back to a chain of five and dime stores founded by Frank Woolworth in 1879 in Watertown, New York. It was only a short period of time before the company opened its first UK facility in Liverpool in 1909. It was not long until the retailer had become a major fixture on most high streets across the nation and the retail model that most people recognize had emerged. They sold childrens clothing, toys and stationary at beginning, this was the born of British shopping institution. By 2008 there were 807 stores and around 25,000 employs working in the store chain of Woolworth. It was the first chain to make brand items with its own name. In 1960s when chain was at its peak with more than 1,000 shops across the UK Woolworth declared I believe that a good penny and sixpence store, run by a lively Yankee, would go down a storm in England. (Tom Geoghegan, 2008) Woolworths Group plc is one of the UKs best knows oldest group, they are general merchandise retailer, entertainment wholesaler and publisher. They had two broad lines of business Retail and Entertainment wholesale. Woolworths, Streets Online Limited, Flogistics Limited and WMS Card Services Limited are within Retail, with Entertainment UK Limited, 2entertain Limited and Disc Distribution Limited being part of Entertainment wholesale and Publisher. They brought everything under one roof the home, family and entertainment. Woolworths key products include toys, confectionary, electronic media, childrens clothes and small household and entertainment items. Their outlets allocated in small towns and city suburbs targeting the basic shopping requirements, and big stores located in larger cities on shopping streets and centers. (Graham Charlton, 2008) The name of Woolworths evokes memories of some Britons childhood but the future of Woolworths in United Kingdom doesnt look promising at present and its really hard for them to get their original niche back in market. Woolworth is the most high profile UK High Street causality of the economic down turn and ran into trouble this year after struggling under the weight of its debt. The recession has taken out Woolworth a tragically mistimed management. (Tom Geoghegan, 2008) Woolworths have gone into administration in 2009 with debts of  £385m and had to close down all Woolies store. Woolworths relaunched by Shop Direct Group on 25th June 2009 as an online retail company Woolworths.co.uk and offering half of the million products and they also launched an Easter Egg website called Woolies Wonderland for Easter of 2009. Methodology: We have taken valuable inputs from our module instructor during our semester various stages which helps us to form a frame work of our assignments. We have met regularly during the course to complete the task and conclude that Is there a future of Woolworths particularly in the region of UK as Woolworths has closed operation and stores in the UK, the reasons of their failure we had to investigate and it was quite hard objective to achieve. To find out about the company who is no more operating was not that easy task but we have found so many reasons and conclude with some recommendations in this report. Data Collection: For the research we have used Inductive method and approach, and collected data from different resources available online about Woolworths which includes case studies and the information provided in different discussion forums, through news articles, journals, research papers and secondary data was collected. Information relating to history and growth were resource mainly from BBC.news official website. The directions of the company in the recent times 1) Market Penetration: (Wall Worth) established its website which focuses to serve all the categories of the family. Wall Worth in its marketing strategy considered that it would make it easier for consumers to see the specifications and offers of goods quickly and at low cost, then it chose to make a lot of shown goods digital , and this is what the company focuses on (books, songs, electronic games, I Pod, movies). In terms of advertising , it worked to market their products through the brothers (Brooklyn) to develop the brand and logo and this was not traditional advertising, but by the Ads-mail mail for the storage of its goods and put as nearly half a million products on its website. the company also made a combination of competitive pricing strategies and the promotion for its sales and ad through Web sites as it is found in the Home page (example: if a customer bought more than 30 pounds ,you would receive goods free of charge). After this big transformation in the entering of Woolworths as a retail store by Internet ,it was ranked among the 50 brands that are searched by customers through the Internet in the United Kingdom on the (Wutscher)site. More than one million visitors accessed the company site when it opened on the Internet in the first week in February 2009. The company achieved this success through a combination of products with a great value and great offers and discounts. On the other hand, demand increased for discount Tesco coupons by 5% from the last year and 49% of people say that they use the Internet to buy their products by the Tesco website for retail sells. Woolworths also had a new marketing strategy to sell all its products under one roof by its website .So it has three shops for selling on its website including main store to sell electronics, store for entertainment, store for clothes and fashion. When developing a marketing plan, Woolworths found that the strongest area of its business is concentrated in computer games (such as Nintendo), and there was an increase in demand in 2007_2008 and this is what led it to sell them on its website at the beginning of 2009 to the e-games and DVDs . it did this to reach operational low costs and the minimum number of employees after seeing that consumers prefer to buy this type of merchandise through the Internet . First of all , by designing products in line with the wishes and needs of t consumer with different aspirations , and on the other hand. to retain the current consumers and attract potential consumers 2 Developing the market: Woolworths had got new and different sales channels from traditional stores such as portals as a new market places for industry / consumers , e-mail, and also Facebook, from these channels (I U k) company .In early 2008 , Wall worth started a new experience in selling digital products for this reason the total sales rose to 23.5% and this equals 240 million pounds through this joint project. 3 Developing the Product: Woolworths considered after the entry of foreign competitors to the UK market specifically in the area of food , and found that it needed to new strategies for keeping of their competition trend : innovation, uniqueness and quality and it continues in this until now by innovating and developing new products and developing modified products to increase sales. So it kept developing its products by products concern Christmas trees and decorations. In 2008, the company produced a total of 2200 products . the company aims in this marketing strategy to increase sales. In this time, Tesco entered on the line of Christmas products which is focused by Woolworths , so Tesco contracted with Cadbury Chocolate company to buy millions of units at a cheaper price than Woolworths and this was a great challenge to it in their direction to increase sales, while Tesco tries to reduce the unit value and enhanced service to its customers. The company also had got exclusive partnerships for some global products in a move to introduce new products and monopoly them as well. 4 Diversification of new products in new markets: Woolworths has new buying lines and adds new products such as televisions, mobile phones and (I Pod) devices directed at consumers, particularly young people. Multi-services to all members of the family , the tendency is to make the price competitive, but not the cheapest in the market. Wall Worth entered the field of clothing for children by using shopping and direct distribution on the internet. It aims to provide better customer service than its competitors. Tesco company did this too , but with less costs in the market. In conclusion, Woolworths put all the strategies that make it succeed in the coming years according to their capabilities .It is an important step to know what its customers need and what they are looking for, so Its current focus is on the non-food products, and this will be achieved entirely by its website. Relate the issues to appropriate concepts introduced in the Module There are few strategies and concepts within marketing that can be relate to the Woolworths strategies and method they used. Woolworths mission and strategy was to deliver to customers the right shopping experience each and every time, vision to provide quality products and services to customers through price strategies, human resource strategies and fresh food strategies. To achieve this they integrated and execute several strategies which include low prices strategy, project refresh strategy. The Woolworths strategy was purely and completely on the basis of price and they implement every-day low prices strategy to offer customers lower prices through reductions on all products but there was no brand status. This was a very good strategy for many years and it made Woolworths fortune and achieved the goals. Woolworths experienced great success through innovative, tactful and profitable strategies their organizational structure, staff leadership and stakeholders all played an importan t role in executing these strategies. It is really important for any company to understand the marketing environment and customer needs/wants to target the correct costumer for the product sales. Woolworths was successful all over the world and in UK also they enjoyed a time as a leading and dominant company capturing the most market shares and there was no threat for Woolworths till 1960s. Woolworths business also had an important part to market their products in the people with understanding of products and result in increased in sales and customer interest. They succeeded to change their new customers into retain and loyal customer and Woolworth understand and targeted the customer values, reliability, credibility, accessibility and provide them with satisfaction of shopping at their stores and build their trusts. Macro environment was in the favor of Woolworths from the start as there was no political and technological awareness in early 1900, factors and forces that affects the Woolworths capability to operate effec tively was not there. Woolworths destabilized by the combination of supermarkets, cheap discount stores and online buying stores offering products at lower prices. Thus the market becomes more competitive since the internet and globalization have made international foundation as reality. There was no spending on frills having relied exclusive on prices with no position in market. Their stores were old fashioned and unappetizing because they dont use to spent money on stores to catch the attention. There lack of property portfolio also discourages government to rescue them and creditors start claiming and suppliers asking for cash for the goods. BCG Growth/Share Matrix: We can analyze Woolworths through BCG growth/share boxes as David Jobber (2007). Hence, Woolworths was at their peak in 1960s and they were the leading company having big chains of stores in retail industry. Woolworths completed century and prove to be the star of the industry. Market and business growth rate graph was on its peak in 1990s, market share was even very high and the stars of the past was proving to be the cash cows and company having the high turnover and revenue. Their market position was indefinite with no competitors in the industry. But, today Woolworths is being a problem child with negative growth and their shops are closed leaving 25,000 people unemployed and in 2009 they completely closed down retail operations in UK. Woolworths is creating new solutions and have come into business with new strategy to open few new shops with different ideas and they have gone into administration with re-launching of the company as an online retailer with new product lines which better meets customer needs and they can easily access the market. David Jobber (2007) Discuss the Customers Perspective The purpose of this essay is to discuss the topic issue of whether or not there is a future for Woolworths from the perspective of the customer. It will provide a prediction for the outlook of the organization from the perspective of customers. Whilst the organization was known as the Woolworths Group Plc the company according to BBC News (2009) the company closed all 807 if its retail stores and the company was ultimately liquidated in February 2009 and for purposes of this paper the focus will be on the online retail operations of the company. This has made a huge impact on the way the company deals with customer and what customers can expect from Woolworth. According to the Laurence writing for the Dailymail (2008) the company had experienced years of poor performance. In the wake of increased competition and a global economic downturn it was the case that the holding company for the organization decided to liquidate all physical assets and focus on online retail operations. According to an interview with Gordon Brown in the Telegraph, the Prime Minister stated that the government had considered bailing out the organization but had decided that the business model was financially unviable (Prince, 2009). Upon examination of the company website (2009), when speaking in relative terms, the company has product offerings that closely mirror that of what was on offer in the former retail outlets. Furthermore, there has been a modernization of the entertainment offerings over the previously employed retail model (Company entertainment website, 2009). That said, from a customers perspective Woolworth now offers very little that cannot be purchased at other online retail outlets such as Amazon or EBay. Furthermore, these companies are much more experienced and economically healthy than Woolworth, and therefore have a much larger market share. This is unlikely to change. From the perspective of the average consumer it is unlikely in the near future there will be a return to Woolworths traditional business model. It is simply the case that the environment is far more saturated with traditional and specialty retailers. According to TNS World Pannel (2008) it is the case that a number of already established grocery retailers are offering clothing, house wares, gifts, and electronics which is a market traditionally dominated by Woolworths. Whilst it remains to be seen whether or not the continued success of the organization using the current online retail business model will continue indefinitely, the initial success is certainly promising. According to an article by Marketing Week (2009) it is the case that 68.7% consumers are planning on doing more of their Christmas shopping online this year which represents a huge growth opportunity for the Woolworths if they can capitalize on this growing market. This is supported by an article by Huber (2009) the parent company to Woolworths launched a massive advertising campaign to help promote the services offered in an effort to boost consumer confidence to one of the busiest retail spending times of the year. An additional problem to consider, however, is that Woolworths target demographic has traditionally been older shoppers. Because such shoppers are less Internet savvy than younger shoppers, Woolworth will have to work hard to reach out to its traditional base. Traditional customers might be tempted to simply continue shopping at places where they can pick up and look at the goods they are interested in. Some do not even have credit cards. Woolworth must work hard to differentiate itself in an online marketplace dominated by big, experienced retailers. If it does not do so, it will go the way of the dodo bird. In conclusion, any return to the previously employed retail business model as employed by Woolworths is unlikely. That is not to say that people will not continue to enjoy the level of service and product offerings that the company had offered but this must be done so by new means. Assess the Perspective of Competitors There was the time when there was a demand for Woolworths in the Market, but after a certain period of time we witnessed that the Woolworths was off the market in a few years. The sudden debacle of Woolworths from the market can be because of various aspects. With the increase in the numbers of its competitors and the woolsworth unable to compete with them accordingly and improper strategies and not updating with the technology as well as with the change in the needs and the demands of the consumers. Woolworths Competitors The loss of Woolworth in Shirley was echoed in about 800 High Streets across UK, breaking the record of 99 years in the history of the British towns and cities. The main cause can be named as recession as with the impact of recession many of the stores were closed and increment in the number of charity shops. The streets were having now the three times more the charity and the discount shops. These great losses in the business were due to the recession, the rise of the supermarkets and the increasing popularity of the weekly shops. The debacle of Woolworths had a few other aspects and they were its competitors. The major competitors of Woolworths were the Tesco and the Wall-mats. The main reasons which led to the downfall of the Woolworths are Fewer womens clothes shop One in every five womens as well as childrens clothes shops were closed in UK. This was one of the most important and discretionary area were there were a lot of money was spend so when there were locks on such doors people then decided or rather started going to the discount outlets and were fully satisfied and were satisfied in a cheap price. Next is a diagram representing the actual diagram representing a proper data showing the approximate loss of the market in according to the closure of the shops of Woolworths. This data is been taken from a local data company which is depicting the % of loss of a business dealing in a particular product. And as we go throw the data we can see that there has been a major loss to the woolsworth in the near future and compare with its near competitors. Shops mostly empty The shops became empty because of increment of the competitors and effect of the recession that led to the downfall of major businesses. Woolworths have so many competitors. The competition was basically amongst the super markets specially Tesco, as they started selling more and more household products as well as toys and electronic goods and many such other products that can be considered as gift items. Woolworths on the other hand was not looking over the aspects that other large markets were giving them a stiff challenge. The first ever store of Woolworths was opened in Liverpool in 1909. And it was selling almost all the products right from the tools to clothes, it was selling cheaps of things and none other stores were such big. The greatest of Woolworths was from its main rivals probably individuals stores themselves, the consumers were going regularly to the Woolworths because the specialist stores were not having appropriate stuff that the consumer were demanding but with the increase in the number of super markets there were more stuff along with the relevant information so consumer started going towards those who were new but were very promising namely Tesco the competitor of Woolworths Tesco was founded in 1929 by J. Cohen. The company was not on the London stock exchange till 1947, unlike the Woolworth and the Wall-Mart as their primary focus was on the groceries right from the beginning was struggling at the time in 1970, it only expanded when it introduced the club cards and entered the European and the Asian markets expanded into non food banking and telecom products. Tesco that reportedly having half of its sales in the UK at present. According to Tesco inflation had dropped substantially since three month till September. They keep on launching cut-price ranges and by these aspects they were attracting almost 300,000 more customers every week and they witnessed strong improvement in their sales volume. Tesco is due to complete the purchase the remaining of the 50% stake of Tesco Personal Finance from the Royal Bank of Scotland in a very near future. The group has also said that they will put brakes over their expansion in the US and will only focus on the hitt ing the key areas. Tesco being the greatest threat to the Woolworths is implementing the strategies to take over it in every aspect. Tesco has also confirmed that they are surely interested in buying the Woolsworth as the chain has almost collapsed just after they were not able to stabilise their company with major threats from the markets. Woolworths kept its regional focus on the other hand was concentrated on the supermarkets in the future might focus on the food products as recently bought the 10% shares of New Zealand based The Warehouse Group. They copied high success retailing fuel strategies from the Tesco which has been largest retailer of petrol since 1991. Tesco on the other hand developed 4 main formats to suit different locations. Also used the supermarket in selling the liquor which became major threat to the Woolworths.

Free Awakening Essays: The Creole Men of The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Creole men of The Awakening    Thesis: In Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening the characters of the Creole men are diverse and different as the character Edna. Most of Kate Chopin’s stories center around a Woman unsatisfied with her position in life, while living in a man dominated society. The three main characters are typical men of that era. Chopin shows the diversity in each of those three characters. Roberts awakening, and the struggle to do what is the right thing. Alcee and how he is carefree and not concerned with society’s expectations of him, and so has a reputation. Mr. Pontiller, a business man first and foremost, with little left for wife and family. Robert did the right and noble thing by leaving to go to Mexico so as to not have to see the object of his forbidden love. Alcee see’s Edna as another one of his conquest, and does not give up, pursuing her at all cost. Alcee has not concern of what society thinks of him so he is able to do as he pleases. Mr. Pontieller, while h e believes himself to be a kind husband, is a typical businessman of the era. He wants his wife to obey him. He wants the perfect Creole wife, one who can help him excel in the business world he loves so much. In exploring these three men in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, there are certain aspects of each, while different, the same. All live in the 1800’s were morale reputation was considered to be the utmost importance to the Sommerer ii businessman, yet, Alcee seems unconcerned with any morale or business responsibility. In exploring the character of Robert who seems to be at a crossroad in his life. Search for his fortune, find a wife, prosper and be respectable, or, do the unthinkable and follow his heart. Sommerer iii Creole Men In The Awakening: Mr. Pontellier is the typical Creole husband and businessman. â€Å"Leonce is convinced that fulfilling monetary needs excuses the paucity of time he spends with the children, never presuming that some needs cannot be mone tarily satisfied: {â€Å"He has his hands full with his brokerage business †¦making a living for his family on the street†(885)} Even to himself, Leonce’s thought smack of the self-pity of the empowered. Perhaps because he is aware of his own neglect, Leonce projects his guilt onto Edna, expecting flawless mammal performance on her part to remedy his domestic absence.

Wii Case

Problem Statement: Sales of the Nintendo Wii have been much higher than initially forecast. As the 2007 holiday season approaches, Nintendo does not have enough capacity to meet demand. The shortage will negatively impact profit and potentially cause lost market share. The immediate issue is adjusting the marketing strategy to handle the product shortage and minimize the negative market effect. Situation Analysis: BACKGROUND: Nintendo was initially founded in 1889 as a card company. The Company moved into the electronic entertainment industry in late 1970. Nintendo went on to release its own home console in the 1980’s which was an instant success, subsequently dominating the video games market in home video games consoles and handheld consoles. In recent years, Nintendo has met fierce competition from Sony and Microsoft. This competition resulted in Nintendo’s market share dropping from 80% in 1992 to a low of 16% in 2003. Nintendo realized that markets, competition, and product life cycles were changing at a fast pace, and most of the profits were going to the innovators. In order to win back market share, Nintendo has developed an innovative new game console named the Wii. OBJECTIVE: The current objective for Nintendo is to effectively develop a marketing strategy to manage product sales through the 2007 holiday season. The long term objective for Nintendo is to maintain its market leader status, communicate customer’s needs in an effective way and fulfill customer’s expectations. S. W. O. T. ANALYSIS: Strengths: Offer differentiated products from its competitors; †¢In 2006, Nintendo won more awards than other company, including â€Å"Best of Show† award, and â€Å"Best Hardware† award; †¢More competitively priced ($249) than its competitors while still earning a profit ($50) as the Wii console is inexpensive to produce; †¢Brand name recognition (short, simple, easy to read and remember, internationally understood, and suggestive of product benefits—â€Å"ii† images gathering people to play); à ¢â‚¬ ¢Strong support from game evelopers to shift more resources to the development of Wii title; †¢Constant media coverage from newspaper headlines drew attention to the Wii console; Weaknesses: †¢Nintendo lost significant market share after it reached its peak of success; †¢Inability to keep up supplies with international market demand; †¢Does not provide extreme high definition and DVD/Blue-ray capability; †¢Negative media-individuals had injuries due to the controllers slipping out of users hands; Opportunities: A recent movement in society towards healthier lifestyles. Wii meets the demand by incorporating physical movements when playing the game; †¢There are only two competitors which directly compete against each other with graphics, leaving room for Nintendo uses a different selling feature; †¢Potential market for video game consoles for non-traditional age groups (casual gamers and non-gamers) over age of 35; Threats: Consumers might turn to competitor’s product to satisfy their wants due to the Wii shortage problem; †¢Sony and Microsoft may offer more attractive deals to fight back for market shares; †¢Substitution is a significant threat and can occur within the existing competitors. Conclusion Nintendo offers an innovative product that offers good value to consumers. The threats from competitive brands are high. However, Nintendo is offering a unique product which is in high consumer demand.

Impact of Violence in Movies and Video Games on Children

Impact of Violence in Movies and Video Games on Children Television and video games have become more violent in content. We have become desensitized to the graphic violence we are exposed to via television and video games. We have grown so use to viewing media with this type of content that it no longer phases us, and it almost seems normal. Violence can be found in everything from children’s cartoons with violent humor to video games that encourage players to kill opponents to advance to the next level.Studies show that children exposed to violence may be more aggressive. When children view violence as a way to solve problems, it can lead to bullying and an irrational view of how to resolve conflict. Studies have also showed that children exposed to violence can experience anxiety and the perception that the world is an evil place. Expert’s opinions Clearly there is no shortage of opinions on the impact of violent media on children.A report published by the surgeon gen eral back in 2001 pointed to a steady increase in youth violence for a decade from 1983 to 1993 with a quote â€Å"The report found strong evidence that exposure to violence in the media can increase children's aggressive behavior in the short term and concluded: Research to date justifies sustained efforts to curb the adverse effects of media violence on youths. † Surgeon General, 2001, p. 87). 10 years later, the issue and supporting studies have only increased.As one would expect there is an unbalance between information and studies available to compare with the negative impact side acquiring an overwhelming majority. Schneider Family Services Company director, Gina Simmons, states that a 1999 national study reported that an average American child spends 40 hours per week viewing various forms of media like TV, media, and video games. When these children complete elementary school this equates to them having seen 8,000 murders and 100,000 other acts of various violence.In addition Simmons references a July 2000 joint statement of six professional associations that concur there are more than 1,000 studies connecting media violence and aggression in children (Simmons, 2008, p. 1). Although Craig A. Anderson, a media violence researcher and a chair of Iowa State University’s Department of Psychology agrees that the abundance of violent video games tend to have negative effects on children’s behavior and states that â€Å"It’s Society, not science, that must decide how to deal with the negative effects of violent video games. † In contrast he also recognizes some positive influences from today’s video games.Anderson recognizes that most interactive games now require and include complex problem-solving skills. As well as referencing a flight simulator game he bought his son, which allowed him to develop skills used in NASA summer camp that amazed the camps staff (Hoerrner & Hoerrner, 2006). Analyzing and Contrasting From the surgeon general noting increases in violence among youth in the late 80s and 90s to a plethora of new studies supporting the same or similar evidence, one may be concerned with the bias that appears to exist primarily on the negative side of the issue.While analyzing deeper, and when looking through one filter, the focus on negativity toward children and media delves deeper. When the 1999 study above is mentioned, the numbers are shocking. The study showed that children spend 40 hours during the week on different forms of media; notably violence, but one has to question if the study would have equated for the abundance of media in society today, and how much media in our lives has skyrocketed. The study not only assumed the viewing amounts within a child's entire elementary cycle but also assumes how many hours of violence a child would likely watch.The reference to one thousand studies on the subject shows how clearly the issue is of concern to parents, teachers, and the futur e of behavioral condition society may have to deal with. What research has limited itself with is discovering the potential positive effects of video games, and violence in media and television. The expert views above indicate Craig A. Anderson may be suggesting strongly that violent media content negatively effects children, but he also points out that items such as interactive games, for instance, do illicit requirements for complex problem-solving skills.These skill types of skills and experiences can be referenced and reflected along with different areas being discussed. Comparing and contrasting the positives and negatives proves to be a harder task when it comes to discovering the positives, but there is a one likely reason. Media pressures developed by existing conditions in society likely form bias’s, which leaves little room for fair, reasonable, and mediated conditions or conclusions for evidence to be properly put forth on either side of the argument.Discovering th e positives resides in the logic of today's children. Children are developing complex problem solving skill sets far beyond those their parents did at the same ages and at faster rates. Studies must reflect the times, and not the basis of the past. Our Opinion Violent movies and video games do have some type of impact on children, but we do not think that it will cause the child to inflict violence on others. We believe that if left alone without proper supervision and guidance, it will have a negative effect.Growing up in a household with family values and ethics will allow the child to have a better understanding of what he or she does and to know the difference between what is real and what is fictitious. Let us focus on the fact that when we were children, we would watch cartoons in which one of the characters would chase the other around with a shotgun, light a stick of dynamite, and place it under their hat. The character would then fall off a cliff, followed by a giant boulde r on the head. In addition playing war games as young boys with the green Army men and simulating an explosion was quite exciting.Blowing the Army men up with firecrackers were all a part of the violent games we played. Shooting a BB gun or slingshot was also another way in which we enjoyed playing in the days before video games. The point we are trying to make is, violence has always been around and most people recognize the difference, and would not go out and inflict violence in the real world. A few mentally disturbed children may not know the difference in between the two, or children who were not taught the difference between reality and make-believe by their parents at an early age.We blame playing too many video games and watching too many movies as a cause of obesity in children, but we also parallel behavioral issues to the same mediums, which are why we should focus more on how children are raised rather than the influential mediums they are faced with. The Impact on Chil dren Though the point may be argued that violence in video games and movies has no effect on children, it is hard to imagine how such imagery cannot influence their actions.Modern video games – with their almost real looking graphics, in-depth story lines, and characters that resemble real people – are quickly approaching the realm of â€Å"virtual reality. † Gone are the days of Mario and Luigi saving the world and the Princess from the evil Bowser as in Super Mario Bros. Video games that are more recent involve stories that require automobile theft, use of illegal weapons, and violent fighting tactics to advance to the next level. These images paint the picture that in order to get what you want in life, you have to take it by force.According to a study done by the Gallup Company in 2003, â€Å"More than 70 percent of American teenage boys have played the violent but popular â€Å"Grand Theft Auto† video games, and they are more likely to have been in a fight than those who have not played† (Berkowitz, 2003). This study seems to provide clear evidence that some children’s real life is influenced by the video games they play at home. Young children are very impressionable and can easily gain a distorted view of reality by participating in these games. Berkowitz, in press) Certain movies are also influencing the actions and behaviors of young children. Parental guide rating systems have been put in place as advisories, though many parents completely ignore them. If a child wants ideas on how to rob a casino, fight, mistreat women, and/or blow something up, all he or she needs to do is visit the local theater. Better yet, the Internet and media companies like Netflix allow children to watch these scenes without leaving their homes.I remember watching â€Å"The Karate Kid† and realizing that martial arts are a means of self-defense and a practice in self-control and honesty. Hollywood’s modern twist makes g un-slinging bandits out to be more hero like and less villain like. The images that these children are seeing on the big screen has the potential to fill their heads with the idea that violence is a useful means to solve ones problems or get what he or she wants. Conclusion Violence is prevalent on television and in video games. The amount of violence children are exposed to via the media has increased.Cartoons feature slapstick characters that use vulgarity and violence as a form of humor. Video games feature graphic war scenarios or bloody street fights that encourage players to kill opponents in order to move to the next level of the game. Studies show children tend to mimic violent behavior when it comes to conflict resolution. The exposure to violence has had an affect on children. The effects range from aggression to various levels of anxiety. The constant exposure to violence often perpetuates that the world is an unsafe place full of mean people.References Berkowitz, B. (in press). Most teens play violent video games, study says. The Washington Post. Retrieved August 15, 2011, from www. lionlamb. org/news_articles/Washington_Post_Grand_Theft. htm Hoerrner, M. , & Hoerrner, K. (2006). Video Game Violence (vol. 15 ed. ). : Child Welfare League of Amreica. Simmons, G. (2008). Does Violent Media Cause Aggression?. Retrieved August 15, 2011, from www. manageangerdaily. com Surgeon General (2001). Youth Violence. Retrieved August 15, 2011, from http://www. surgeongeneral. gov/library/youthviolence/